Safety Terminology

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Glossary

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Lithium dendrites

Dendritic metallic lithium formed when lithium ions are reduced during the charging process of a lithium-ion battery.Note: The form of lithium when it appears on the negative electrode side is not necessarily lithium dendrites; collectively, it's referred to as lithium plating.
Internal short circuit

The phenomenon where defects within a lithium battery, such as burrs or lithium dendrites, pierce the separator, causing contact between the positive and negative electrodes.
Thermal runaway

The phenomenon where a chain reaction of exothermic reactions in a battery cell leads to uncontrolled temperature increase in the battery.
Thermal propagation

The phenomenon where a thermal runaway in one battery cell within a battery pack or system triggers successive thermal runaways in the remaining battery cells within the pack or system.
Abuse

The behavior of not using the battery according to the manufacturer/supplier or battery chemistry system's requirements. It may cause harm or adverse effects to humans, the environment, or damage the battery's performance.
Leakage

The phenomenon where visible substances leak from a battery cell, module, battery pack, or system to the outside of the test object.
Venting

When internal pressure increases in an individual battery cell or battery pack, gases are released through a pre-designed method.
Rupture

Mechanical damage to the external casing of an individual battery cell or battery pack, caused by internal or external factors, resulting in the exposure or leakage of internal materials without any spraying.
Fire

Continuous burning in any part of an individual battery cell, module, battery pack, or system (with a single flame duration greater than 1 second). Sparks and arcs are not considered as combustion.
Explosion

The sudden release of a significant amount of energy that generates a pressure wave or jet of material, which may cause structural or physical damage to the surrounding area.
Safety

No unexpected risks have occurred.
Risk

The collective term for potential damages and their severity impact.

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